【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforCharacterizationofParticles
【原文标准名称】:粒子特性的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMF1877-2005
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2005
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:F04.16
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:生物配伍;评定;形态学;粒子分析;颗粒
【英文主题词】:biocompatibility;morphology;particles;SEM;weardebris
【摘要】:Thebiologicalresponsetomaterialsintheformofsmallparticles,asfromweardebris,oftenissignificantlydifferentfromthattothesamematerialsaslargerimplantcomponents.Thesizeandshape(morphology)oftheparticlesmayhaveamajoreffectonthebiologicalresponse;therefore,thispracticeprovidesastandardizednomenclaturefordescribingparticles.Suchaunifiednomenclaturewillbeofvalueininterpretationofbiologicaltestsofresponsestoparticles,inthatitwillfacilitateseparationofbiologicalresponsesassociatedwithshapefromthoseassociatedwiththechemicalcompositionofdebris.Thequantity,size,andmorphologyofparticlesreleasedasweardebrisfromimplantsinvivomayproduceanadversebiologicalresponsewhichwillaffectthelongtermsurvivalofthedevice.Characterizationofsuchdebriswillprovidevaluableinformationregardingtheeffectivenessofdevicedesignsormethodsofprocessingcomponentsandthemechanismsofwear.Themorphologyofparticlesproducedinlaboratorytestsofwearandabrasionoftenisaffectedbythetestconditions,suchasthemagnitudeandrateofloadapplication,deviceconfiguration,andtestenvironment.Comparisonofthemorphologyandsizeofparticlesproducedinvitrowiththoseproducedinvivowillprovidevaluableinformationregardingthedegreetowhichthemethodsimulatestheinvivoconditionbeingmodeled.1.1Thispracticeoutlinesaseriesofproceduresforcharacterizationofthemorphology,number,size,andsizedistributionofparticles.Themethodsutilizedincludesieves,optical,SEM,andelectrooptical.1.2Thesemethodsareappropriateforparticlesproducedbyanumberofdifferentmethods.Theseincludeweartestmachines,totaljointsimulationsystems,abrasiontesting,methodsforproducingparticulates,suchasshatterboxesorpulverizors,commerciallyavailableparticles,andparticlesharvestedfromtissuesinanimalorclinicalstudies.1.3Thedebrismayincludemetallic,polymeric,ceramic,oranycombinationofthese.1.4Thedigestionprocedurestobeusedandissuesofsterilizationofretrievedparticlesarenotthesubjectofthispractice.1.5AclassificationschemefordescriptionofparticlemorphologyisincludedinAppendixX3.1.6Asaprecautionarymeasure,removeddebrisfromimplanttissuesshouldbesterilizedorminimallydisinfectedbyanappropriatemeansthatdoesnotadverselyaffecttheparticulatematerial.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:A28
【国际标准分类号】:19_120
【页数】:14P.;A4
【正文语种】:


【英文标准名称】:Above-BaselineElectricalProtectionforDesignatedTelecommunicationsCentralOfficesandSimilar-TypeFacilitiesAgainstHigh-AltitudeElectromagneticPulse(HEMP)
【原文标准名称】:防高空电磁脉冲(HEMP)的指定电信中心局和类似机构的高空基线电力保护
【标准号】:ANSIATIS0600320-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2010-01-01
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国国家标准学会(US-ANSI)
【起草单位】:ANSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:定义;电磁干扰;电磁脉冲;电子设备;外壳;交换;测量技术;保护(装置);防电击;转换网络;电信
【英文主题词】:Definitions;Electromagneticinterferences;Electromagneticpulse;Electronicequipment;Enclosures;Exchange;Measuringtechniques;Protection;Protectionagainstelectricshocks;Switchingnetworks;Telecommunications
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:L06
【国际标准分类号】:33_100_20
【页数】:
【正文语种】:英语